濟南抹面砂漿是應用于在建筑基礎上涂抹平整或提供保護的砂漿的總稱。根據操作不同，抹面砂漿分為現場攪拌砂漿和預拌干粉抹面砂漿兩種。那一般抹面砂漿施工時容易發生的問題及原因有哪些呢？

Jinan plastering mortar is a general term for the mortar used to smooth or provide protection on the building foundation. According to different operations, the plastering mortar is divided into two types: on-site mixed mortar and premixed dry powder plastering mortar. What are the problems and reasons that are easy to occur during the construction of general plastering mortar?

一、基墻不平坦，未進行找平處理，造成抹灰層有裂縫、空鼓。

1、 The foundation wall is not flat and has not been leveled, resulting in cracks and hollows in the plastering layer.

同一涂抹過程中，砂漿層厚度不均，因厚處干燥慢，薄處干燥快；涂抹后，砂漿層發生硬化和收縮，干處干燥快，而干處干燥早，而干處干燥慢，則在砂漿層內產生內應力；涂抹后，砂漿層厚度偏差較大，變形不一致，則會造成結構破壞鼓或鼓。

In the same coating process, the thickness of the mortar layer is uneven, because the thick part dries slowly, and the thin part dries quickly; After coating, the mortar layer will harden and shrink, and the dry part will dry quickly, while the dry part will dry early, and the dry part will dry slowly, which will generate internal stress in the mortar layer; After coating, the thickness deviation of mortar layer is large and the deformation is inconsistent, which will cause structural damage or bulge.

部分厚度大于等于或小于等于門窗洞口邊緣或墻角處厚度變化梯度較大時，易產生局部收縮裂紋；部分厚度大于等于或小于等于局部厚度時，砂漿層與基材的粘結強度較弱，常與基層發生拉脫，產生空鼓現象。所以，在基面不平坦的情況下，應先找平基面，待5－7天后降溫后再施工抹灰。

When the partial thickness is greater than or equal to the edge of the door and window opening or the wall corner has a large gradient of thickness change, it is easy to produce local shrinkage cracks; When the partial thickness is equal to or less than the partial thickness, the bonding strength between the mortar layer and the base material is weak, and it often pulls off from the base course, resulting in hollowing. Therefore, if the base surface is uneven, the base surface shall be leveled first, and the plastering shall be carried out after 5-7 days of cooling.

二、由于抹灰層下墜而引起的事故。

2、 Accidents caused by falling plaster layer.

若長期處于不稠化狀態，其抹灰層失去流動性，在自身重力的作用下，可能會下墜滑移，從而導致其發生抹灰層脫落。其主要表現為抹灰層吸水性小，一次抹灰厚度過厚，或在抹灰后沒有被雨水淋濕過，這類現象在冬季低溫下易發生。

If it is in a non thickening state for a long time, the plaster layer will lose its fluidity, and may fall and slip under the action of its own gravity, which will cause the plaster layer to fall off. It is mainly shown that the water absorption of the plastering layer is small, the thickness of a plastering is too thick, or the plastering layer has not been wetted by rain after plastering, which is easy to occur under low temperature in winter.

為防止此種情況發生，首先應嚴格按照施工技術規程要求，一次抹灰須不能過厚，多層抹灰時每層抹灰間隔足夠長，抹灰基表面在淋水潮濕的情況下不能抹灰，適當降低用水量，防止抹灰后遭受雨淋，冬季低溫時抹灰后應加強通風。

In order to prevent such a situation, first of all, the requirements of the construction technical specifications should be strictly followed. The one-time plastering must not be too thick. When plastering multiple layers, the interval between each layer of plastering should be long enough. The plastering base surface cannot be plastered when it is wet. The water consumption should be appropriately reduced to prevent rain after plastering. The ventilation should be strengthened after plastering in winter when the temperature is low.

三、粉刷基材吸水率的差異造成砂漿抹灰層開裂。

3、 The difference in the water absorption of the plastering substrate causes cracks in the mortar plastering layer.

灰漿抹灰層由于抹灰基體材料的吸水率不同，導致抹灰層的稠化和硬化速度不同，抹灰層的粘結處易出現裂紋。如磚墻與混凝土梁柱連接處，由于混凝土吸水能力遠低于泥頁巖磚或加氣混凝土砌塊，常常會出現開裂現象。為防止這種現象發生，施工處理措施主要是在不同基材接合處，搭接鋪一層鋼絲網或玻纖網，先涂一層薄砂漿，再進行砂漿抹灰施工。

Due to the different water absorption of the plaster base material, the thickening and hardening speed of the plaster layer is different, and cracks are easy to appear at the bonding part of the plaster layer. For example, at the joint of brick wall and concrete beam column, because the water absorption capacity of concrete is far lower than that of shale brick or aerated concrete block, cracking often occurs. In order to prevent this phenomenon, the construction treatment measures are mainly to lay a layer of steel wire mesh or glass fiber mesh at the joint of different base materials, apply a layer of thin mortar first, and then carry out mortar plastering construction.

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