石膏是天然層積礦物單斜晶系硫酸鈣礦石。分生石和熟石膏兩種。生石又名軟石膏，其化學(xué)分子式為2(CaS04·2H20)，加熱后成為熟石(Cas04)2·H20，又稱硬石膏。在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)骨科，石膏主要用于骨折部位的固定。將熟石育粉均勻布撒于紗布繃帶，即為石膏繃帶。使用時(shí)只需浸入水中，就可按照需要做成各種形狀。5-7分鐘后硬化成形，1-2天后完全干固。

Gypsum is a natural layered mineral monoclinic calcium sulfate ore. There are two types: raw stone and gypsum. Raw stone, also known as soft gypsum, has a chemical molecular formula of 2 (CaS04 · 2H20). When heated, it becomes mature stone (Cas04) 2 · H20, also known as hard gypsum. In modern orthopedic medicine, plaster is mainly used for fixing fracture sites. Spread the cooked stone powder evenly on a gauze bandage, which is called a plaster bandage. When in use, simply immerse it in water and it can be made into various shapes as needed. After 5-7 minutes, it will harden and form, and after 1-2 days, it will completely dry and solidify.

石膏也可用來(lái)矯正各種原因引起的肢體成角畸形。操作時(shí)先在畸形部位做管型石膏。待其堅(jiān)固后在成角部位楔形切開(kāi)，或撐開(kāi)口子嵌入堅(jiān)硬的子，然后進(jìn)行正;再將石膏重新固定起來(lái)，維持一段時(shí)間，即可達(dá)到治療目的。根據(jù)需要固定的部位不同，骨科醫(yī)生可用石膏繃帶制成各式各樣的堅(jiān)硬的石膏「衣服」，如石膏圍領(lǐng)、石膏背心、石膏褲等，甚至可以做成石膏床。

Gypsum can also be used to correct limb angular deformities caused by various reasons. During the operation, first apply a tube type plaster to the deformed area. After it becomes sturdy, wedge it open at the corner or insert a hard piece into the opening, and then proceed with straightening; Re fix the plaster and maintain it for a period of time to achieve the treatment goal. According to the different parts that need to be fixed, orthopedic surgeons can use plaster bandages to make various hard plaster "clothes", such as plaster collars, plaster vests, plaster pants, etc., and even make plaster beds.

在做皮瓣、皮管移植時(shí)，也需要用石膏來(lái)固定特殊的體位。如左腿因外傷缺少一大塊皮膚，骨骼露在外面，有時(shí)須用右側(cè)小腿上的皮膚來(lái)修補(bǔ)。此種修補(bǔ)方法類似藤類植物繁殖的「壓條法」:將修補(bǔ)的皮膚(醫(yī)學(xué)上稱皮瓣)覆蓋在左腿受傷后的創(chuàng)面上，另一端仍連在右腿上，維持血液供應(yīng)，以防失去營(yíng)養(yǎng)，發(fā)生壞死;等到修補(bǔ)皮膚與左小腿創(chuàng)面建立了新的血液循環(huán)，再切斷與原來(lái)右小腿的血液營(yíng)養(yǎng)聯(lián)系(醫(yī)學(xué)上稱為「斷蒂」)。

When performing skin flap or tube transplantation, it is also necessary to use plaster to fix special positions. If the left leg lacks a large piece of skin due to trauma and the bones are exposed, sometimes the skin on the right calf needs to be repaired. This repair method is similar to the "pressure strip method" used in the propagation of vine plants: the repaired skin (medically known as a skin flap) is covered on the wound of the injured left leg, with the other end still attached to the right leg to maintain blood supply and prevent loss of nutrition and necrosis; Wait until the repair of the skin and the establishment of a new blood circulation in the left calf wound, and then cut off the blood nutrition connection with the original right calf (medically known as "broken pedicle").

修補(bǔ)的皮膚建立新的血液循環(huán)需時(shí)1個(gè)月左右，這段時(shí)間內(nèi)，兩腿之間移植皮瓣形成短「橋」，不能隨意活動(dòng)，以免將沒(méi)有生長(zhǎng)好的皮瓣?duì)坷撀浠蚱茐难汗?yīng)。這就須將兩下肢位置固定。此重任也是由石膏來(lái)?yè)?dān)任的。

It takes about a month for the repaired skin to establish new blood circulation. During this period, a short "bridge" is formed by transplanting a skin flap between the legs, which cannot be moved freely to avoid pulling off the underdeveloped skin flap or damaging the blood supply. This requires fixing the position of both lower limbs. This important task is also undertaken by gypsum.

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